POLITENESS Politeness ? socially accepted ? respect ? polite (más)

POLITENESS Politeness ? socially accepted ? respect ? polite behaviour ? depends on us and our goals (menos)

FACE Negative face ? obligate or persuade Positive face ? (más)

FACE Negative face ? obligate or persuade Positive face ? accepting the proposal that somebody has done. (menos)

CONVERSATIONAL CONTRACT Say things in a appropiately moment and way. Depending on the situation, (más)

CONVERSATIONAL CONTRACT Say things in a appropiately moment and way. Depending on the situation, we are going to say some things or other things. How much we have to speak, what we are going to say. (menos)

Politeness strategies NEGATIVE POLITENESS : YOU are the most important for you. you only care (más)

Politeness strategies NEGATIVE POLITENESS : YOU are the most important for you. you only care about you. POSITIVE POLITENESS: You care about the others (menos)

FACE THREATENING AND FACE SAVING ACTS FACE THREATENING ACT: You act in a way that people does (más)

FACE THREATENING AND FACE SAVING ACTS FACE THREATENING ACT: You act in a way that people does not expect FACE SAVING ACT: You do not offend the others by softening the face threatening act (menos)

COURSE PROJECT UNIT 5: SPEECH EVENTS ANNA FERRER EXTREMO 15/01/2013 DESCRIBING AND USING (más)

COURSE PROJECT UNIT 5: SPEECH EVENTS ANNA FERRER EXTREMO 15/01/2013 DESCRIBING AND USING ENGLISH 1 (menos)

INDEX What are speech events? Components of speech events Structure of speech events Topic Norms (más)

INDEX What are speech events? Components of speech events Structure of speech events Topic Norms of interaction and interpretation 2 (menos)

1. What are speech events? Collection of utterances that make sense and that are part of a topic (más)

1. What are speech events? Collection of utterances that make sense and that are part of a topic They are performed by a group of participants in a specific situation They can be performed by means of speech or writing SPEECH EVENT? asking the time   Speaker A: what time is it? ? Utterance 1 Speaker B: It’s 1 o’clock ? Utterance 2 Speaker A: okay, thanks! ? Utterance 3 3 (menos)

2. Components of speech events Acronym SPEAKING Setting: elements which involve the Participants: (más)

2. Components of speech events Acronym SPEAKING Setting: elements which involve the Participants: identity and relationship of the participants of the speech event. Ends: goals and aims Acts: verbal and non verbal communicative outputs 4 (menos)

Key: Social attitude or mood of the participants Instruments: channel (face-to-face, letter, (más)

Key: Social attitude or mood of the participants Instruments: channel (face-to-face, letter, telephone) as well as language variety (register and style) Norms: Cultural norms and regularities of behaviour Genre: type of speech event (gossip, lecture…) 5 (menos)

3. Structure of speech events Speech events can be structured with templates. Monologic (más)

3. Structure of speech events Speech events can be structured with templates. Monologic discourses: narrative, descriptive, expository and argumentative genre Dialogic discourses: opening, message closing 6 (menos)

4. Topic A speech event can have one or more topics Strategies of topic managment: introducing (más)

4. Topic A speech event can have one or more topics Strategies of topic managment: introducing and closing a topic changing the topic or going to a relating one opening parenthesis in the middle of a topic resuming a topic Resources : boundary tokens (right, ok, so, but…) meta-comments related to the conversation (I would like to talk about…); variation in tempo (increase or decrease of the speed of speech); pauses to think or to show you still want the turn (uhm…) 7 (menos)

5. Norms of interaction and interpretation How to behave in all the social occasions and to (más)

5. Norms of interaction and interpretation How to behave in all the social occasions and to interpret the thinks that are not said. When an how use the speech Social and cultural traditions 8 (menos)

CONTENTS Turn construction Turn sequences Taking the turn Understandings and (más)

CONTENTS Turn construction Turn sequences Taking the turn Understandings and misunderstandings (menos)

WHAT IS TURN-TAKING? Essential in conversation Back-and-forth interaction Use of turns -> (más)

WHAT IS TURN-TAKING? Essential in conversation Back-and-forth interaction Use of turns -> smoother and more efficient conversation (menos)

TURN CONSTRUCTION Turns built out of TCUs -> displayed by means of TRP e.g., ‘Hey!’, ‘What ?’ (más)

TURN CONSTRUCTION Turns built out of TCUs -> displayed by means of TRP e.g., ‘Hey!’, ‘What ?’ Role of the listener and the speaker -> alternating TRP-> place between the units in a turn (menos)

TURN SEQUENCES Adjacency pairs-> consist of a first and a second part Typical pair of turns: (más)

TURN SEQUENCES Adjacency pairs-> consist of a first and a second part Typical pair of turns: greeting-greeting Exchange of turns: Waiter: What would you like to drink? Customer: I'd like mineral water please. Waiter: Good choice sir. (menos)

TAKING THE TURN Overlap -> usually very annoying, sign of impoliteness Pauses Verbal (más)

TAKING THE TURN Overlap -> usually very annoying, sign of impoliteness Pauses Verbal strategies: Preparation of what we are going to say in our minds Acknowledge the contribution of the previous speaker Taking the floor (menos)

TAKING THE TURN Verbal & non-verbal fillers “I think that” “um” Hold the turn -> usage of (más)

TAKING THE TURN Verbal & non-verbal fillers “I think that” “um” Hold the turn -> usage of markers (e.g. Firstly, secondly…) Yield the turn -> question tags, direct questions, or stop talking (e.g. You know?) (menos)

UNDERSTANDINGS AND MISUNDERSTANDINGS Backchannel -> minimize gaps and overlaps Intonation (más)

UNDERSTANDINGS AND MISUNDERSTANDINGS Backchannel -> minimize gaps and overlaps Intonation Causes of misunderstandings-> non-hearing, mishearing, misinterpretation Types of repair: self-initiated-self repair, other-initiated-self- repair, self-initiated-other repair, other-initiated-other repair (menos)

INDEX Speech events Speech event’s components, structure and topics Norms of interaction and (más)

INDEX Speech events Speech event’s components, structure and topics Norms of interaction and interpretation (menos)

Speech events Set of utterances produced in different situations. Socio/cultural activities that (más)

Speech events Set of utterances produced in different situations. Socio/cultural activities that involve the interaction of more than one participants. Different speech events may be identified in our everyday lives ? going classes, meeting friends, … (menos)

Components of speech events SPEAKING: Setting ? place and time in which the situation takes (más)

Components of speech events SPEAKING: Setting ? place and time in which the situation takes place. Participants ? Knowing the relationship between them and their age, sex, … Ends ? Canons used in talking. Acts ? Every single interaction that takes place in a speech event. (menos)

Key ? The emotional tone of the event. Instrument ? The channel used to communicate and the (más)

Key ? The emotional tone of the event. Instrument ? The channel used to communicate and the language and register used by the participants. Norms ? Prescriptive features. Genre ? Type of event which is taking place. (menos)

Structure of speech events Templates or scripts ? succession of actions known as “action units” (más)

Structure of speech events Templates or scripts ? succession of actions known as “action units” which create speech events. E.g.: Action unit 1: People going into the class Action unit 2: Roll can Action unit 3: The teacher giving definitions Action unit 4: Children asking questions Action unit 5: Go out from class Communicative event ? A school lecture. (menos)

Monolingual genre ? Narrative, descriptive, expository and argumentative. Conversations ? (más)

Monolingual genre ? Narrative, descriptive, expository and argumentative. Conversations ? Opening + message + closing (menos)

Topics: They are endless. They help us making a mental image of what we are talking about ? (más)

Topics: They are endless. They help us making a mental image of what we are talking about ? fluent conversation. When changing topics: use meta-comments, pauses… E.g. Do you remember when…? I wanted to talk to you about… (menos)

Norms of interaction and interpretation Knowing all grammar rules doesn’t mean knowing how and (más)

Norms of interaction and interpretation Knowing all grammar rules doesn’t mean knowing how and when to use them ? We need to practice. Norms of interaction ? Prescriptions and internalized regularities. Norms of interpretation ? More socio-cultural, they depend on the social values that every society has. (menos)

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION I HOPE YOU’VE LIKED IT !!! Judith Borràs (más)

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION I HOPE YOU’VE LIKED IT !!! Judith Borràs Andrés 15/01/2013 Descripció i ús de l'anglès (menos)